伦理学专业essay怎么写-What are the ethical considerations you need to pay attention to?

伦理学专业essay怎么写

Research Methods

MGT682

Lecture 3 Spring

Ethics in research planning

Todays lecture

  • Research ethics
    • What are the ethical considerations you need to pay attention to?
    • How do you avoid causing harm in your own research?
Todays
session
relates to
part 3 &4 of
the
assignment

Ethical

considerations

Informed
consent
Harm to
participants
Con-
fidentiality &
anonymity
Data
protection
Invasion of privacy Deception

These need to be kept!

Needs to be avoided!
Needs to be avoided!
Needs to be avoided!

Harm to participants?

  • Physical harm
  • Stress
  • Harm to self-esteem, worries, emotional

####### upheaval…

  • Specific issues for different populations! e.g. for employees, harm to career prospects
Harm to
participants
Needs to be avoided!
Careful:
Also consider potential harm to
yourself!
  • Is your research placing you in any (potentially) dangerous situations? (e.g. are you interviewing strangers at their homes?)
  • Are you interacting with (potentially) dangerous people, or could your research make them become dangerous in a way (e.g. make them aggressive etc.)?
  • Might there be any consequences of your research that could be dangerous to you?

Informed consent

  • Participants should be fully aware that they are participating in the research
  • They should understand the purpose of the research and the methods used, and be aware of any risks
  • They need to explicitly agree to any recording or intervention
  • Participation needs to be voluntary , participants are free to withdraw at any time
Informed
consent
  1. They need to be informed!
  2. They need to give their informed consent!
This concerns every
single participant!

How can informed consent be

achieved?

######## Participants need to be fully informed without being

######## overwhelmed.

  • Information needs to be
    • Clear
    • Concise
  • Informed consent needs to be gained continuously

######## 1. Provide with an information sheet!

######## 2. Gain written consent!

Confidentiality & anonymity
Confidentiality :
  • Assurance not to reveal a participants data in a way that might be identifiable Anonymity :
  • Assurance that the identity of participants will be kept secret
  • Participants identities should not be disclosed without prior consent; data should be anonymised where possible
  • Participants should be informed of:
  1. Any risk that confidentiality may not be maintained (e.g. disclosure of criminal activity);
  2. Who will have access to data;
  3. The purpose for which the data is to be used
Confiden-
tiality &
anonymity

Data protection

  • Access to data that could identify individuals needs to be restricted to lead researcher(s) unless there is agreement from the research participants
  • Data should be kept (whether physically or electronically) in such a way that others (e.g. HR Managers) cannot access it
  • Locked cabinets; password-protected computers & files
Needs to comply with Data Protection Act (1998)
Data

protection Invasion of privacy

  • Covert observation/photographs can be a

####### problem

  • Participants should be free to refuse to answer

####### sensitive questions

  • Confidentiality and anonymity are important

####### concepts here also

Invasion of
privacy
Needs to be avoided!

Deception

  • Misrepresenting the purpose of the research

####### deliberately

  • Is this always wrong?
  • When might it be necessary?
Deception
Needs to be avoided!

In your dissertation…

  • BEFORE you start any data collection you
need to get your ethics application
approved
  • If you do not follow that rule and collect
any data before you have had ethics
approval your data collection will be
declared invalid!
(and you will fail your dissertation)

How do you get ethics

approval?

######## Talk to your dissertation supervisor!

  • You need to fill in an ethics application form https://ethics.ris.shef.ac.uk/my_applications
  • This will be reviewed by a committee.
  • You will get a notification when it has been approved.
This can only be done after you are clear about your research question,
your data collection, and your data analysis

Important links

######## and an example consent form can be found here:

http://www.sheffield.ac.uk/ris/other/gov-ethics/
ethicspolicy/further-guidance/universityprocedure

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